Interest in relocation fell for the second-straight quarter as life continued to return to normal following pandemic lockdowns. Still, migration remained more common than it was before the pandemic.
Nationwide, 30.2% of Redfin.com users looked to move to a different metropolitan area in the third quarter of 2021, down from 31.1% in the second quarter and a peak of 31.5% at the start of the year. That marks the second-straight quarter of declines following four-consecutive quarters of increases. Still, interest in relocation during the third quarter remained higher than it was a year earlier (29.2%) and before the pandemic (~26%).
Last month, we published a preliminary look at third-quarter migration patterns, which showed that 30.1% of Redfin.com home searchers were looking to move to another metro in July and August. This report includes data from the entire third quarter: July, August and September.
The latest migration analysis is based on a sample of about 3.3 million Redfin.com users who searched for homes across 125 metro areas in the third quarter, excluding searches unlikely to precede an actual relocation or home purchase. To be included in this dataset, a Redfin.com user must have viewed at least 10 homes in a particular metro area, and homes in that area must have made up at least 80% of the user’s searches. Redfin’s migration data goes back to 2017.
The coronavirus pandemic fueled a surge in relocation among Americans, who took advantage of remote work and record-low mortgage rates. Many people left large coastal cities in search of more space and affordability. But migration began to slow in the spring and summer as life returned at least somewhat to normal, with children returning to school and businesses back open.
The slowdown in relocations has coincided with a cooling of the overall housing market: Homebuyer bidding wars, home-price growth and home-sales growth have all been falling. It’s worth noting that the housing market typically slows at this time of year.
While the migration rate has slipped slightly in recent months, it’s unlikely to fall back to pre-pandemic levels any time in the foreseeable future, according to Redfin Deputy Chief Economist Taylor Marr.
“We expect Americans to continue relocating at a higher rate than they did before the coronavirus pandemic,” Marr said. “As employers fight to retain talent during the ongoing labor shortage, they’ll face mounting pressure to introduce permanent flexible-work policies that will give more workers the option to move where they want. We’re also starting to see a resurgence in demand for vacation homes, which could help sustain the relatively high rate of house hunters searching outside their home metro.”
Miami, Phoenix and Sacramento Are the Top Destinations for Homebuyers Looking to Move
Miami, Phoenix, Sacramento, Las Vegas and Tampa were the most popular migration destinations of any major U.S. metros in the third quarter, meaning they had the largest net inflows. A net inflow is a measure of how many more Redfin.com home searchers looked to move into a metro than leave.
Metros that are warmer and more affordable than major job centers like New York and San Francisco often top the list of most popular migration destinations. They’ve become even more sought after during the pandemic because remote workers have been able to prioritize housing costs, space and weather over commute times.
In Sacramento, 41.7% of Redfin.com user searches came from outside of the metro in the third quarter, down from 50% a year earlier. San Francisco was the top origin of people searching for homes there.
“We’re not seeing as many buyers in Sacramento as we were at the height of the pandemic, but most of the buyers I do work with are still coming from the Bay Area,” said Sacramento Redfin real estate agent Dawn Marie Brown. “Remote work has become the norm for a lot of people—especially Silicon Valley tech workers—so they’re moving here to take advantage of the scenic countryside and high-quality schools.”
Pollock Pines and Pleasant Valley—neighborhoods east of Sacramento that were evacuated due to the Caldor Fire this year—are two areas that have recently become less popular, Brown added.
“Before the fire, there were so many people moving in from the Bay Area and overbidding on homes. Buyers in many towns east of Sacramento were offering tens of thousands of dollars over the asking price and still losing. That’s just not happening anymore. I do expect demand to rebound once the memories of the fires become more distant.”
Table: Top 10 Metros by Net Inflow of Users and Their Top Origins
| Rank | Metro* | Net Inflow, Q3 2021† | Net Inflow, Q3 2020 | Portion of Searches from Users Outside the Metro, Q3 2021 | Portion of Searches from Users Outside the Metro, Q3 2020 | Top Origin | Top Out-of-State Origin |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Miami, FL | 11,872 | 3,884 | 32.3% | 25.9% | New York, NY | New York, NY |
| 2 | Phoenix, AZ | 9,959 | 8,302 | 35.1% | 34.2% | Los Angeles, CA | Los Angeles, CA |
| 3 | Sacramento, CA | 9,250 | 11,728 | 41.7% | 50.0% | San Francisco, CA | Reno, NV |
| 4 | Las Vegas, NV | 7,777 | 8,473 | 41.3% | 49.0% | Los Angeles, CA | Los Angeles, CA |
| 5 | Tampa, FL | 7,324 | 4,856 | 46.1% | 55.1% | Orlando, FL | New York, NY |
| 6 | Cape Coral, FL | 5,260 | 3,569 | 68.5% | 75.4% | Chicago, IL | Chicago, IL |
| 7 | San Antonio, TX | 5,235 | 3,089 | 41.5% | 42.9% | Houston, TX | Los Angeles, CA |
| 8 | North Port, FL | 4,907 | 2,832 | 67.1% | 77.1% | Chicago, IL | Chicago, IL |
| 9 | Atlanta, GA | 4,769 | 7,300 | 19.6% | 26.1% | New York, NY | New York, NY |
| 10 | Dallas, TX | 4,664 | 6,489 | 23.6% | 29.4% | Los Angeles, CA | Los Angeles, CA |
*Combined statistical areas with at least 500 users in the third quarter 2021
†Among the 3.3 million users sampled for this analysis only
San Francisco, Los Angeles and New York Are the Top Places House Hunters Are Looking to Move Away From
San Francisco, Los Angeles, New York, Washington, D.C. and Boston saw more Redfin.com users looking to leave than any other major metro areas in the third quarter, meaning they had the biggest net outflows. A net outflow is a measure of how many more Redfin.com home searchers looked to leave a metro than move in.
Crowded, costly cities normally see the largest outflows of residents—a trend that has accelerated during the pandemic as remote work has given more house hunters the option to relocate to more affordable places.
Still, three of the 10 top metros that people looked to leave in the third quarter—New York, Chicago and Denver—actually saw fewer people depart than a year earlier. For example, New York saw a net outflow of 30,384 Redfin.com users in the third quarter, down from a net outflow of 48,233 during the same period in 2020.
Table: Top 10 Metros by Net Outflow of Users and Their Top Destinations
| Rank | Metro* | Net Outflow, Q3 2021† | Net Outflow, Q3 2020‡ | Portion of Local Users Searching Elsewhere, Q3 2021 | Portion of Local Users Searching Elsewhere, Q3 2020 | Top Destination | Top Out-of-State Destination |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | San Francisco, CA | 61,533 | 43,667 | 25.2% | 24.8% | Sacramento, CA | Seattle, WA |
| 2 | Los Angeles, CA | 37,905 | 23,835 | 18.3% | 17.3% | San Diego, CA | Phoenix, AZ |
| 3 | New York, NY | 30,384 | 48,233 | 27.1% | 35.8% | Philadelphia, PA | Philadelphia, PA |
| 4 | Washington, D.C. | 19,706 | 14,247 | 14.9% | 13.6% | Salisbury, MD | Salisbury, MD |
| 5 | Boston, MA | 10,156 | -205 | 16.3% | 12.2% | Portland, ME | Portland, ME |
| 6 | Chicago, IL | 5,303 | 6,313 | 12.1% | 12.0% | South Bend, IN | South Bend, IN |
| 7 | Denver, CO | 5,241 | 5,840 | 26.8% | 26.9% | Chicago, IL | Chicago, IL |
| 8 | Seattle, WA | 4,455 | 4,187 | 14.6% | 13.9% | Phoenix, AZ | Phoenix, AZ |
| 9 | Detroit, MI | 4,212 | 845 | 28.6% | 21.8% | Cleveland, OH | Cleveland, OH |
| 10 | Minneapolis, MN | 2,418 | -919 | 22.0% | 18.2% | Chicago, IL | Chicago, IL |
*Combined statistical areas with at least 500 users in the third quarter of 2021
†Among the 3.3 million users sampled for this analysis only
‡Negative values indicate a net inflow
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