OFF MARKET

Listed by Jeremy Steiner • Pacific Northwest Realty. Bought with COMPASS.

Off market oct 2021 for $560K

$590,544

Est. refi paymentEst. refi $2,171/mo

•

1,302

sq ft

2103 186th Pl SE, Bothell, WA 98012

About this home

Multiple offers received. Recently remodeled 2 bedroom home in desirable Crystal Creek community. This terrific townhouse is located in the middle of a quiet cul-de-sac & backs up to a greenbelt. Kitchen features new quartz countertops with breakfast bar, cabinets, stainless steel appliances, fixtures & flooring. Bathrooms have new vanities, fixtures & flooring. The updated interior includes new LVP flooring, carpet, windows & paint. Each bedroom has an en-suite full bathroom. Large living room has a bay window & fire place. Sliding glass door opens to large, level yard with a fruit tree, garden area & fully fenced backyard. One car garage with new opener & water heater.

TownhomeProperty Type

1987Year Built

8,276 sq ftLot Size

$454Est. Price/Sq.Ft.

1 car garageParking

Listed by Jeremy Steiner • Pacific Northwest Realty

Bought with Wanis Nadir • COMPASS

Redfin checked: 2 minutes ago

•Source:NWMLS as Distributed by MLS Grid #1832204

Redfin Estimate

$590,544

$31K since sold in October 2021$1,000 since October

Recently sold homes
Estimate history
Homes for sale

This home's estimate is 24.2% lower than the average sale price ($779K) of 6 comparable homes.

SOLD AUG 3, 2026
$800,000
A
3 beds3 baths1,892 sq ft
17907 25th Dr SE, Bothell, WA 98012
Listing provided by nwmls
SOLD SEP 25, 2026
$660,000
B
3 beds2 baths1,368 sq ft
2233 184th Pl SE, Bothell, WA 98012
Listing provided by nwmls
SOLD AUG 21, 2026
$652,000
C
3 beds2.5 baths1,368 sq ft
2108 186th Pl SE, Bothell, WA 98012
Listing provided by nwmls
SOLD JUN 4, 2026
$619,000
D
3 beds2.5 baths1,264 sq ft
2120 185th Pl SE, Bothell, WA 98012
Listing provided by nwmls
SOLD MAY 4, 2026
$920,000
E
3 beds2.5 baths1,878 sq ft
2401 185th Pl SE, Bothell, WA 98012
Listing provided by nwmls
SOLD JUN 22, 2026
$1,025,000
F
3 beds2.5 baths3,052 sq ft
2416 182nd Pl SE, Bothell, WA 98012
Listing provided by nwmls

Claim this home to receive a free report every month with insights on the changing estimate.

Earn from this home

Sell

$143,385

Est. take-home

List your home with Redfin and save $5,905

Refinance

Est. cash available

Get cash now or lower your monthly rate

Rent

$2,875/mo

Redfin rental estimate

List your home for rent

Market trends in 98012, WA

Last updated October 2026

Buyer's Market

Seller's Market

Seller's market

Sale-to-list price

98.5%

0.1% MoM

Median sale price

$949K

$18K MoM

Avg. days on market

26d

4 days MoM

Recently sold homes

185

12 MoM

New listings for sale

EARLY ACCESS
$1,149,950
5 beds3 baths3,056 sq ft
15813 35th Dr SE, Bothell, WA 98012
OPEN SUN, 12PM TO 3PM
$1,495,000
4 beds3.5 baths3,221 sq ft
4129 187th Pl SE, Bothell, WA 98012
Amina Munkh • COMPASS
OPEN SUN, 11AM TO 1PM
$783,750
3 beds2.5 baths1,981 sq ft
316 160th Pl SE, Bothell, WA 98012
Becca Locke • Real Broker LLC
$1,350,000
4 beds3 baths2,959 sq ft
15911 23rd Ln SE, Mill Creek, WA 98012
Nicole Luckenbach • Windermere Real Estate/M2, LLC
OPEN NOV 14, 12PM TO 2PM
$997,500
4 beds3.5 baths2,678 sq ft
13221 23rd Ave SE, Mill Creek, WA 98012
Bre Roberts • RE/MAX Elite
OPEN SUN, 1PM TO 3PM
$525,000
2 beds2.5 baths1,200 sq ft
16018 Village Green Dr Unit B, Mill Creek, WA 98012
Teresa Fahringer • John L. Scott Everett
OPEN SUN, 1PM TO 3PM
$614,950
3 beds2.5 baths1,701 sq ft
2201 192nd St SE Unit I2, Bothell, WA 98012
Shannon Woodcock • The Cascade Team
3D WALKTHROUGH
$899,990
4 beds2.5 baths2,392 sq ft
15712 23rd Ln SE, Mill Creek, WA 98012
T.C. Hyatt • John L. Scott Mill Creek
$349,950
2 beds2.5 baths960 sq ft
16101 Bothell Everett Hwy Unit H5, Mill Creek, WA 98012
Eli DeBerry • Windermere Bellevue Commons
OPEN TODAY, 4PM TO 6PM
$1,350,000
6 beds4 baths3,818 sq ft
325 170th Pl SE, Bothell, WA 98012
Kim Thompson • KW North Sound
See all

Provided by Redfin

Sale history for 2103 186th Pl SE

Date

Event

Price

Oct 8, 2021

Sold (MLS) (Closed)

NWMLS as Distributed by MLS Grid #1832204

$560,000

$430/sq ft

Sep 8, 2021

Pending

NWMLS as Distributed by MLS Grid #1832204

—

Sep 1, 2021

Listed (Active)

NWMLS as Distributed by MLS Grid #1832204

$539,000

$414/sq ft

Feb 23, 2007

Sold

Public Records

$304,124

$234/sq ft

Feb 23, 2007

Sold (MLS) (Closed)

NWMLS as Distributed by MLS Grid #26166004

$304,125

$234/sq ft

Feb 5, 2007

Delisted

NWMLS as Distributed by MLS Grid #26166004

—

Jan 26, 2007

Relisted

NWMLS as Distributed by MLS Grid #26166004

—

Jan 20, 2007

Delisted

NWMLS as Distributed by MLS Grid #26166004

—

Oct 3, 2006

Listed

NWMLS as Distributed by MLS Grid #26166004

$299,999

$230/sq ft

Nov 19, 1990

Sold

Public Records

$120,000

$92/sq ft

Year

Property tax

Land + Additions

Assessment*

2026

$4,875 (−1.6%)

$346,100 + $198,400

$544,500

2025

$4,952 (+7.5%)

$346,100 + $198,400

$544,500

2024

$4,605 (−20.0%)

$321,400 + $184,600

$506,000

2023

$5,754 (+13.8%)

$428,900 + $186,100

$615,000

2022

$5,057 (+3.4%)

$316,200 + $178,900

$495,100

2021

$4,891 (+8.2%)

$289,000 + $165,400

$454,400

2020

$4,520 (+13.9%)

$289,000 + $165,400

$454,400

2019

$3,968 (+10.9%)

$261,000 + $156,000

$417,000

2018

$3,579 (+10.9%)

$154,000 + $129,600

$283,600

2017

$3,226 (+14.2%)

$154,000 + $129,600

$283,600

2016

$2,824 (+2.1%)

$154,000 + $129,600

$283,600

2015

$2,765 (+14.7%)

$122,000 + $102,100

$224,100

2014

$2,410 (−3.5%)

$122,000 + $102,100

$224,100

2013

$2,498 (−0.2%)

$90,000 + $90,500

$180,500

2012

$2,502 (−12.6%)

$96,000 + $83,600

$179,600

2011

$2,862 (+6.6%)

$101,000 + $91,300

$192,300

2010

$2,685

$155,000 + $96,200

$251,200

2009

$2,685

$155,000 + $96,200

$251,200

Tax history for 2103 186th Pl SE

Year

Property tax

Land + Additions

Assessment*

2026

$4,875 (−1.6%)

$346,100 + $198,400

$544,500

2025

$4,952 (+7.5%)

$346,100 + $198,400

$544,500

2024

$4,605 (−20.0%)

$321,400 + $184,600

$506,000

2023

$5,754 (+13.8%)

$428,900 + $186,100

$615,000

2022

$5,057 (+3.4%)

$316,200 + $178,900

$495,100

2021

$4,891 (+8.2%)

$289,000 + $165,400

$454,400

2020

$4,520 (+13.9%)

$289,000 + $165,400

$454,400

2019

$3,968 (+10.9%)

$261,000 + $156,000

$417,000

2018

$3,579 (+10.9%)

$154,000 + $129,600

$283,600

2017

$3,226 (+14.2%)

$154,000 + $129,600

$283,600

2016

$2,824 (+2.1%)

$154,000 + $129,600

$283,600

2015

$2,765 (+14.7%)

$122,000 + $102,100

$224,100

2014

$2,410 (−3.5%)

$122,000 + $102,100

$224,100

2013

$2,498 (−0.2%)

$90,000 + $90,500

$180,500

2012

$2,502 (−12.6%)

$96,000 + $83,600

$179,600

2011

$2,862 (+6.6%)

$101,000 + $91,300

$192,300

2010

$2,685

$155,000 + $96,200

$251,200

2009

$2,685

$155,000 + $96,200

$251,200

*Taxable value of land and structures on it ("additions") is determined regularly by local assessors and does not affect market price.

Public record

Beds

Baths

2.5

Stories

Lot width

—

Lot depth

—

Lot size

8,276 Sq. Ft.

Year renovated

—

Sq. Ft.

1,308

Year built

1987

Style

Single Family Residential

County

Snohomish County

APN

00750700002000

Parking Spaces

—

Basement

—

Accessible

—

HOA Dues

—

Garage

—

Features

—

Last updated by owner on Oct 5, 2026.

Property details

Parking

Parking Information
Covered Spaces: 1
Parking Features: Driveway
Garage Spaces: 1
Has Attached Garage
Has Garage

Interior

Virtual Tour

Bedroom Information
# of Bedrooms: 2
# of Beds Upper: 2
Bedrooms Possible: 2

Bathroom Information
# of Full Baths (Total): 2
# of Half Baths (Total): 1
# of Full Baths (Upper): 2
# of Half Baths (Main): 1

Room 1 Information
Room Type: Bathroom Full
Room Level: Upper

Room 2 Information
Room Type: Bathroom Full
Room Level: Upper

Room 3 Information
Room Type: Bedroom
Room Level: Upper

Room 4 Information
Room Type: Bedroom
Room Level: Upper

Room 5 Information
Room Type: Bathroom Half
Room Level: Main

Room 6 Information
Room Type: Kitchen With Eating Space
Room Level: Main

Room 7 Information
Room Type: Entry Hall
Room Level: Main

Room 8 Information
Room Type: Living Room
Room Level: Main

Room 9 Information
Room Type: Utility Room
Room Level: Upper

Basement Information
Basement Features: None

Fireplace Information
Has Fireplace
# of Fireplaces: 1
# of Fireplaces Main: 1

Heating & Cooling
Has Heating

Interior Features
Interior Features: Wall to Wall Carpet, Laminate Hardwood, Skylight(s), Walk-in Closet(s), Fireplace, Water Heater
Appliances: Dryer, Washer
Flooring: Laminate, Carpet
Appliances Included: Dishwasher,Dryer,Garbage Disposal,Microwave,Range/Oven,Refrigerator,Washer

Exterior

Building Information
Building Information: Attached/Zero Lot Line,Built On Lot
Roof: Composition

Exterior Features
Exterior Features: Wood

Property Information
Energy Source: Electric
Sq. Ft. Finished: 1,302
Style Code: 32 - Townhouse
Property Type: Residential
Property Sub Type: Single Family Residence

Land Information
Vegetation: Fruit Trees, Garden Space

Lot Information
MLS Lot Size Source: Realist
Site Features: Cable TV,Deck
Lot Features: Cul-De-Sac, Curbs, Dead End Street, Paved
Lot Size Units: Square Feet
Lot Size Acres: 0.19
Elevation Units: Feet

Financial

Tax Information
Tax Annual Amount: $4,758
Tax Year: 2021

Financial Information
Listing Terms: Cash Out, Conventional, FHA, VA Loan
Buyer Financing: Conventional

Utilities

Utility Information
Water Source: Public
Water Company: Alderwood
Power Company: Sno PUD
Sewer: Sewer Connected
Sewer Company: Alderwood
Utilities: Cable Connected, Sewer Connected, Electric
Water Heater Location: Garage
Water Heater Type: Electric

Location

Multi-Unit Information
Furnished: Unfurnished

HOA Information
Association Fee Frequency: Monthly

School Information
Elementary School: Buyer To Verify
Middle Or Junior High School: Buyer To Verify
High School: Buyer To Verify
High School District: Northshore

Location Information
Directions: Bothell-Everett Hwy -- right on 186th; R on 22nd, R again on 186th Pl NE. House is in the middle of the cul-de-sac.
Topography: Level

Community Information
Senior Exemption: false

Public facts

Beds: 2
Baths: 2.5
Sq. Ft.: 1,308
Stories: 2.0
Lot Size: 8,276 square feet
Style: Single Family Residential
Year Built: 1987
Year Renovated: —
County: Snohomish County
APN: 00750700002000

Home facts updated by county records on Oct 5, 2026

Other

Listing Information
Mls Status: Sold

Listing Date Information
Offers Review Date: Tuesday, September 7, 2021
On Market Date: Wednesday, September 1, 2021

Green Information
Power Production Type: Electric

Home Information
Living Area: 1,302
Living Area Units: Square Feet
Calculated Square Footage: 1302
MLS Square Footage Source: Realist
Building Area Total: 1302
Building Area Units: Square Feet
Foundation Details: Poured Concrete
Year Built Effective: 1987
Effective Year Built Source: Public Records
Structure Type: Townhouse
Levels: Multi/Split
Entry Location: Main

Around this home

Schools

K - 12
Preschool & daycare

Crystal Springs Elementary School

Public PreK-5 • Assigned • 2.0mi

9/10

Skyview Middle School

Public 6-8 • Assigned • 1.9mi

8/10

North Creek High School

Public 9-12 • Assigned • 1.1mi

9/10

Provided by GreatSchools

Lifestyle

Provided by Walk Score and Local Logic

Climate risks

1/10 Flood Factor

Minimal risk of a flood reaching the building in the next 30 years

1/10 Fire Factor

Unlikely to be in a wildfire in next 30 years

3/10 Heat Factor

7 days above 85° expected this year, 15 days in 30 years

1/10 Wind Factor

Minimal risk of severe winds over next 30 years

6/10 Air Factor

9 unhealthy days expected this year, 9 days in 30 years

Provided by First Street

Historical weather

Bothell, WA • 98012

Average low and high temperatures (°F)

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Sun exposure

In this area, properties receive around 8.6 hours in June and 1.7 hours in December, placing it below the U.S. average for solar exposure.

8.6 hrs

1.7 hrs

JuneDecember

Provided by Shadowmap

Estimated sale price

$562,000 – $680,000

Reach more buyers when you sell with Redfin. Save up to $5,905 in fees. 3 minutes to get started.

Need the cash from your home fast? Sell to .

Nearby similar homes

3D WALKTHROUGH

$599,000

4 beds3 baths1,736 sq ft

3116 164th St SW #1502, Lynnwood, WA 98087

Private balcony • Territorial views • Outdoor pool

Listing provided by NWMLS as Distributed by MLS Grid

3D WALKTHROUGH

$429,000

2 beds2 baths1,098 sq ft

3116 164th St SW #1101, Lynnwood, WA 98087

Private patio • Outdoor pool • Hot tub

Listing provided by NWMLS as Distributed by MLS Grid

$990,000

4 beds3.5 baths2,391 sq ft

21725 25th Ave SE Unit D, Bothell, WA 98021

Custom finishes • Chef's kitchen • Covered balcony

Listing provided by NWMLS as Distributed by MLS Grid

OPEN TODAY, 3PM TO 6PM

$975,000

4 beds3.5 baths2,679 sq ft

5814 Lowell Larimer Rd Unit B2, Everett, WA 98208

Open kitchen • Private view deck • Primary suite

Listing provided by NWMLS as Distributed by MLS Grid

3D WALKTHROUGH

$650,000

2 beds2 baths1,543 sq ft

19326 2nd Dr SE Unit A, Bothell, WA 98012

Single-level living • Duplex-style rambler • Large windows

Listing provided by NWMLS as Distributed by MLS Grid

OPEN TODAY, 10AM TO 6PM3D WALKTHROUGH

$574,995

2 beds2.5 baths1,643 sq ft

16202 Manor Way Unit E11, Lynnwood, WA 98087

1 car garage • Flex space • Open living space

Listing provided by NWMLS as Distributed by MLS Grid

New listings for sale in 98012

EARLY ACCESSCOMPASS COMING SOON

$1,149,950

5 beds3 baths3,056 sq ft

15813 35th Dr SE, Bothell, WA 98012

All-new plush carpet • Extra-high ceilings • Fine millwork

OPEN SUN, 12PM TO 3PM

$1,495,000

4 beds3.5 baths3,221 sq ft

4129 187th Pl SE, Bothell, WA 98012

Main-level adu • Private entrance • Separate-entry adu

Listing provided by NWMLS as Distributed by MLS Grid

OPEN SUN, 11AM TO 1PMVIDEO TOUR

$783,750

3 beds2.5 baths1,981 sq ft

316 160th Pl SE, Bothell, WA 98012

Wooded lot • New carpet • New vinyl flooring

Listing provided by NWMLS as Distributed by MLS Grid

$1,350,000

4 beds3 baths2,959 sq ft

15911 23rd Ln SE, Mill Creek, WA 98012

Fairway of hole 15 • Picturesque views • No mow turf grass

Listing provided by NWMLS as Distributed by MLS Grid

OPEN NOV 14, 12PM TO 2PM

$997,500

4 beds3.5 baths2,678 sq ft

13221 23rd Ave SE, Mill Creek, WA 98012

Gas fireplace • Granite countertops • Large island

Listing provided by NWMLS as Distributed by MLS Grid

OPEN SUN, 1PM TO 3PM3D WALKTHROUGH

$525,000

2 beds2.5 baths1,200 sq ft

16018 Village Green Dr Unit B, Mill Creek, WA 98012

East-facing end-unit • Backing to woodland • Private back patio

Listing provided by NWMLS as Distributed by MLS Grid

OPEN SUN, 1PM TO 3PM3D WALKTHROUGH

$614,950

3 beds2.5 baths1,701 sq ft

2201 192nd St SE Unit I2, Bothell, WA 98012

Largest backyard • Dual closets • Ensuite bath

Listing provided by NWMLS as Distributed by MLS Grid

3D WALKTHROUGH

$899,990

4 beds2.5 baths2,392 sq ft

15712 23rd Ln SE, Mill Creek, WA 98012

Updated kitchen • Quartz countertops • Peninsula bar

Listing provided by NWMLS as Distributed by MLS Grid

$349,950

2 beds2.5 baths960 sq ft

16101 Bothell Everett Hwy Unit H5, Mill Creek, WA 98012

Two story condo • Private balcony • $623 HOA

Listing provided by NWMLS as Distributed by MLS Grid

Home values near 2103 186th Pl SE

Data from public records.

Address	Redfin Estimate
2122 186th Place Southeast, Bothell, WA 3 Beds \| 2.5 Baths \| 1568 Sq. Ft.	$676,943
2114 186th Place Southeast, Bothell, WA 4 Beds \| 2.5 Baths \| 1568 Sq. Ft.	$644,728
2106 186th Place Southeast, Bothell, WA 3 Beds \| 2.5 Baths \| 1368 Sq. Ft.	$652,966
2101 186th Place Southeast, Bothell, WA 2 Beds \| 2.5 Baths \| 1328 Sq. Ft.	$621,548
2109 186th Place Southeast, Bothell, WA 2 Beds \| 2.5 Baths \| 1308 Sq. Ft.	$596,742
2115 186th Place Southeast, Bothell, WA 3 Beds \| 2.5 Baths \| 1328 Sq. Ft.	$668,249
2123 186th Place Southeast, Bothell, WA 2 Beds \| 2.5 Baths \| 1328 Sq. Ft.	$632,216

Address	Redfin Estimate
2118 186th Place Southeast, Bothell, WA 2 Beds \| 2.5 Baths \| 1368 Sq. Ft.	$584,875
2110 186th Place Southeast, Bothell, WA 2 Beds \| 2.5 Baths \| 1368 Sq. Ft.	$642,753
2104 186th Place Southeast, Bothell, WA 3 Beds \| 2.5 Baths \| 1348 Sq. Ft.	$652,593
2105 186th Place Southeast, Bothell, WA 3 Beds \| 2.5 Baths \| 1308 Sq. Ft.	$560,720
2111 186th Place Southeast, Bothell, WA 2 Beds \| 2.5 Baths \| 1308 Sq. Ft.	$546,940
2117 186th Place Southeast, Bothell, WA 3 Beds \| 2.5 Baths \| 1368 Sq. Ft.	$643,153
2125 186th Place Southeast, Bothell, WA 2 Beds \| 2.5 Baths \| 1328 Sq. Ft.	$623,634

Address	Redfin Estimate
2116 186th Place Southeast, Bothell, WA 2 Beds \| 2.5 Baths \| 1568 Sq. Ft.	$598,402
2108 186th Place Southeast, Bothell, WA 3 Beds \| 2.5 Baths \| 1368 Sq. Ft.	$677,593
2102 186th Place Southeast, Bothell, WA 3 Beds \| 2.5 Baths \| 1568 Sq. Ft.	$666,250
2107 186th Place Southeast, Bothell, WA 3 Beds \| 2.5 Baths \| 1308 Sq. Ft.	$649,174
2113 186th Place Southeast, Bothell, WA 3 Beds \| 2.5 Baths \| 1368 Sq. Ft.	$690,356
2119 186th Place Southeast, Bothell, WA 2 Beds \| 2.5 Baths \| 1328 Sq. Ft.	$604,907
2116 185th Place Southeast, Bothell, WA 2 Beds \| 1.5 Baths \| 1258 Sq. Ft.	$617,847

Property information provided by NWMLS as Distributed by MLS Grid when last listed in 2021. This data may not match . Learn more.

Download the Redfin App on the Apple App Store

Download the Redfin App from the Google Play Store

Join us

Become an Agent

Get referrals

Careers

Find homes faster

About us

Find us

Subsidiaries

Affiliated Business

Countries

United States

Canada

Updated September 2025: By searching, you agree to the Terms of Use, and Privacy Policy.

Do not sell or share my personal information.

REDFIN and all REDFIN variants, WALK SCORE, and the R logos, are trademarks of Redfin Corporation, registered or pending in the USPTO.

Redfin Brokerage Licenses

California DRE #01521930

Redfin is licensed to do business in New York as Redfin Real Estate. NY Standard Operating Procedures

New Mexico Real Estate Licenses

TREC: Info About Brokerage Services, Consumer Protection Notice

All mortgage lending products and information are provided by Rocket Mortgage, LLC | NMLS #3030; www.NMLSConsumerAccess.org. Licensed in 50 states. This site is not authorized by the New York State Department of Financial Services for mortgage solicitation or loan applications activities related to properties located in the State of New York.

Redfin Corporation is an affiliated business of Rocket Limited Partnership. Each company, and their subsidiaries, are separate legal entities operated and managed through its own management and governance structures.

If you are using a screen reader, or having trouble reading this website, please call Redfin Customer Support for help at 1-844-759-7732.

REDFIN IS COMMITTED TO AND ABIDES BY THE FAIR HOUSING ACT AND EQUAL OPPORTUNITY ACT. READ REDFIN'S FAIR HOUSING POLICY AND THE NEW YORK STATE FAIR HOUSING NOTICE.

GreatSchools Ratings provided by GreatSchools.org.

Mays Pond homes for sale
Seattle Hill-Silver Firs homes for sale
North Bothell homes for sale
Mays Pond homes for sale
Mill Creek Country Club homes for sale

Houses for rent in Mill Creek East	Agents near me	Vancouver, WA homes for sale	Mill Creek East Housing Market
Houses for sale near me	Seattle, WA homes for sale	Redmond, WA homes for sale
Land for sale near me	Bellevue, WA homes for sale	Bothell, WA homes for sale
Open Houses near me	Tacoma, WA homes for sale	Mill Creek East Property Records
Condos for sale near me	Kirkland, WA homes for sale	WA New Listings

Seattle homes for sale
North Creek homes for sale
Bellevue homes for sale

98012 homes for sale
98021 homes for sale
98296 homes for sale

About this home

Redfin Estimate

Earn from this home

Market trends in 98012, WA

Sale history for 2103 186th Pl SE

Tax history for 2103 186th Pl SE

Public record

Property details

Around this home

Schools

Lifestyle

Climate risks

Historical weather

Sun exposure

Nearby similar homes

New listings for sale in 98012

Home values near 2103 186th Pl SE

More real estate resources